UNIX COMMANDS FOR NON-UNIX STUDENTS

	This summary is provided for those students who need a short list 
of unix commands that are in common use. Note that options on unix 
commands normally follow a hyphen.
     Many commands use filenames. You can use up to 14 characters for 
filenames (more for many commands). The filename can contain any number 
of digits, letters, dots or other non-numeric, non-letter characters. 
Generally, you should avoid creating a file whose name starts with a dot 
unless you are specifcally trying to create a system file.
      To get complete information on any command, simply enter:
          man   command

passwd				change your logon password

cp oldfile  newfile		copy a file
cp oldfile1 oldfile2 newdir	copy files into a different directory,
				keeping the same names.
rm file1 file1      		remove (delete) a file or more

ls				present a list of the files and directories
                                  in your current directory
ls -a				same as above, but include the dot files
ls -l				make a long listing (one line of info/line)
ls -F                           indicate filetype, adds "/" after directory
				names; "*" after executables.
ls  ab*				make a list of all files that start with ab

cat file1			send contents of file1 to screen
cat file1 | more		same as above, but output from cat "piped"
				to more, which put one screen on info at 
				a time. Press spacebar for next screen
more file1			same as above

cat file1 >file2		send contents of file1 to file2
cat   >file2			expects input from your keyboard. Lines will
  		                be sent to file2. Terminate with ^d
mkdir  dir1			makes a directory called dir1

rmdir  dir1			removes a directory dir1. (only works if dir1
				has no files or subdirectories
lp -d iclpr1  file1		sends file1 to the first printer in ICL-1

mv file1 file1			renames file1 as file2

ln  -s /dir1/dir2/file1  file2 lets us refer to file1 by typing file2

who				tells us who is logged on
ps				tells us which programs are running
date				gives us the date and time

pwd				tells us the path to our current directory

grep string1  file1 file2       looks for string1 in both files

head -30   file1               shows the first 30 lines of file1
tail -20  file1			shows the last 20 lines of file1

uncompress file1.Z		uncompress file1.Z and put result in file1
compress file2			compress the information in file2 and put
				the result in file2.Z
zcat file1.Z       		uncompress file1.Z but pipe output to standard
				output instead of using disk space.  (Useful
				to view the start of a large compressed file
				before uncompressing it completely.)
chmod a+r  file1		put read permission for everyone on file1
chmod a+   file1		put execute permission for everyone on file1