Unit 3 Modals

Exercise 1

1. Bob might have been joking about his decision to quit school.

2. Lian could have been finished by 3:00 P.M. yesterday (OR this afternoon).

3. When he was on the track team, Max could run a mile in 4 minutes, 30 seconds.

4. Jill must have been tired after working 10 hours yesterday (OR today).

5. Because Lydia needed to get a good grade on her chemistry midterm, she had to study

all day yesterday (OR today).

6. I should have exercised regularly to get into shape for the backpacking trip.

7. You ought to have sent your roommate's parents a thank-you note when you get home.

8. My supervisor must have been sick since she did not attend the barbecue last night (OR this afternoon).

9. Mary may not have had time to call her parents last night (OR tonight).

10. My roommate had to the shopping last week (OR this week).

Exercise 2

MEANING or FUNCTION

1. necessity

2. possibility

3. logical assumption

4. ability

5. possibility

6. ability

7. logical assumption

8. advisability after the fact

9. possibility

10. option

TIME FRAME

1. present

2. present or future

3. present

4. present or future

5. present or future

6. past

7. past

8. past

9. present or future

10. present or future

Exercise 3

1. She must have left early.

2. It may rain (OR might rain OR could rain).

3. She had to go to Sacramento.

4. She should send (OR ought to send) a thank you note.

5. Our supervisor may allow (OR might allow OR could allow) us to leave early.

6. The house must have cost a lot of money.

7. I should have asked him to help.

8. When I was young, I could play the piano, but I have forgotten since I have not played in many years.

9. My housemate could have washed the dishes last night, but she went out instead.

10. We can camp out (OR could camp out) on our way to the Grand Canyon.

Exercise 4

1. I My brother must have forgotten to call me. logical assumption

2. I My brother could have called me while I was at the library. possibility

3. I My brother may call late tonight. possibility

4. I I did not have time to stop at the store because I had to stay late at the office to finish my work. necessity

5. C opportunity

6. I I should not have been driving over the speed limit on the freeway. advisability after the fact

7. C expectation

8. C necessity